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Мутации</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/vuex-actions.html" class="sidebar-link">Vuex - Действия</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/vuex-getters.html" class="sidebar-link">Vuex - Геттеры</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/vuex-in-components.html" class="sidebar-link">Vuex в компонентах - $state и геттеры</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/vuex-in-components-mutations-and-actions.html" class="sidebar-link">Vuex в компонентах - мутации и действия</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/vue-router.html" class="sidebar-link">Vue Router</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/composition-api.html" class="sidebar-link">Composition API</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/reducing-boilerplate-in-tests.html" class="sidebar-link">Уменьшаем шаблонный код</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/jest-mocking-modules.html" class="sidebar-link">Jest - мокаем модули</a></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><div class="custom-block tip"><p class="custom-block-title">Это руководство было написано для Vue.js 2 и Vue Test Utils v1.</p> <p>Версия для Vue.js 3 <a href="/v3/ru">здесь</a>.</p></div> <h2 id="тестирование-вычисnяемых-свойств"><a href="#тестирование-вычисnяемых-свойств" class="header-anchor">#</a> Тестирование вычисляемых свойств</h2> <p>Тест, описанный на этой странице, вы можете найти <a href="https://github.com/lmiller1990/vue-testing-handbook/tree/master/demo-app/tests/unit/NumberRenderer.spec.js" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">здесь<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>.</p> <p>Тестировать вычисляемые свойства обычно просто, так как это старые добрые JavaScript функции.</p> <p>Давайте рассмотрим два разных способа тестирования вычисляемых свойств. Создадим компонент <code>&lt;NumberRenderer&gt;</code>, который выводит чётные и нечётные числа, в зависимости от вычисляемого свойства <code>numbers</code>.</p> <h2 id="написание-теста"><a href="#написание-теста" class="header-anchor">#</a> Написание теста</h2> <p>Компонент <code>&lt;NumberRenderer&gt;</code> получает на вход параметр <code>even</code> типа <code>boolean</code>. Если <code>even</code> в значении <code>true</code>, тогда компонент должен отрисовать 2, 4, 6 и 8. Если в значении <code>false</code>, тогда 1, 3, 5, 7 и 9. Список значений будет высчитываться в вычисляемом свойстве <code>numbers</code>.</p> <h2 id="тестирование-отрисовки-значений"><a href="#тестирование-отрисовки-значений" class="header-anchor">#</a> Тестирование отрисовки значений</h2> <p>Тест выглядит так:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> mount <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@vue/test-utils&quot;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> NumberRenderer <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@/components/NumberRenderer.vue&quot;</span>

<span class="token function">describe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;NumberRenderer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;выводит чётные числа&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> wrapper <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">mount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>NumberRenderer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      propsData<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        even<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">text</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2, 4, 6, 8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Перед запуском теста, давайте добавим компонент <code>&lt;NumberRenderer&gt;</code>:</p> <div class="language-vue extra-class"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;NumberRenderer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>

  props<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    even<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      type<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Boolean<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      required<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre></div><p>Теперь можем начинать разработку, пускай ошибки подсказывают нам, что делать. <code>yarn test:unit</code> выведет:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>● NumberRenderer › выводит чётные числа

  expect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>received<span class="token punctuation">)</span>.toBe<span class="token punctuation">(</span>expected<span class="token punctuation">)</span> // Object.is equality

  Expected: <span class="token string">&quot;2, 4, 6, 8&quot;</span>
  Received: <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Выглядит так, что всё работает правильно. Давайте реализуем <code>numbers</code>:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>computed<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function">numbers</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> evens <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>

    <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        evens<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">return</span> evens
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>И обновим шаблон, чтобы использовать новое вычисляемое свойство:</p> <div class="language-html extra-class"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    {{ numbers }}
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre></div><p><code>yarn test:unit</code> теперь выводит:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>FAIL  tests/unit/NumberRenderer.spec.js
● NumberRenderer › выводит чётные числа

  expect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>received<span class="token punctuation">)</span>.toBe<span class="token punctuation">(</span>expected<span class="token punctuation">)</span> // Object.is equality

  Expected: <span class="token string">&quot;2, 4, 6, 8&quot;</span>
  Received: <span class="token string">&quot;[
    2,
    4,
    6,
    8
  ]&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Числа правильные, но мы хотим выводить их отформатированными. Давайте обновим значение <code>return</code>.</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">return</span> evens<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Теперь <code>yarn test:unit</code> проходит проверку!</p> <h2 id="тестирование-через-call"><a href="#тестирование-через-call" class="header-anchor">#</a> Тестирование через <code>call</code></h2> <p>Теперь добавим тесты для случая, когда <code>even: false</code>. В этот раз мы попробуем альтернативный способ тестирования вычисляемых свойств без отрисовки компонента.</p> <p>Первым делом, напишем тест:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;выводит нечётные числа&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> localThis <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> even<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

  <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>NumberRenderer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>computed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">numbers</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">call</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>localThis<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;1, 3, 5, 7, 9&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Вместо того, чтобы отрисовывать компонент и делать проверку через <code>wrapper.text()</code>, мы используем <code>call</code>, чтобы передать другой контекст <code>this</code> в <code>numbers</code>. Также посмотрим, что случится, если мы не будем использовать <code>call</code>, но уже после того, как все тесты пройдут проверку.</p> <p>Запуск текущего теста выведет:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>FAIL  tests/unit/NumberRenderer.spec.js
● NumberRenderer › выводит нечётные числа

  expect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>received<span class="token punctuation">)</span>.toBe<span class="token punctuation">(</span>expected<span class="token punctuation">)</span> // Object.is equality

  Expected: <span class="token string">&quot;1, 3, 5, 7, 9&quot;</span>
  Received: <span class="token string">&quot;2, 4, 6, 8&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Обновим <code>numbers</code>:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">numbers</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> evens <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> odds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>

  <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      evens<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      odds<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

  <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>even <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> evens<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> odds<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Теперь оба теста проходят проверку. Но что, если мы не будем использовать <code>call</code> во втором тесте? Попробуйте обновить тест вот так:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;выводит нечётные числа&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> localThis <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> even<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

  <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>NumberRenderer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>computed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">numbers</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;1, 3, 5, 7, 9&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Теперь тест падает:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>FAIL  tests/unit/NumberRenderer.spec.js
● NumberRenderer › выводит нечётные числа

  expect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>received<span class="token punctuation">)</span>.toBe<span class="token punctuation">(</span>expected<span class="token punctuation">)</span> // Object.is equality

  Expected: <span class="token string">&quot;1, 3, 5, 7, 9&quot;</span>
  Received: <span class="token string">&quot;2, 4, 6, 8&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div><p><code>vue</code> автоматически связывает <code>props</code> и <code>this</code>. Мы не отрисовываем компонент через <code>mount</code>, поэтому Vue не привязывает что-либо к <code>this</code>. Если вы сделаете <code>console.log(this)</code>, то увидите, что контекст - это просто объект <code>computed</code>.</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span> numbers<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Function<span class="token punctuation">:</span> numbers<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Поэтому нам нужно использовать <code>call</code>, который позволяет нам связывать контекст <code>this</code>, в нашем случае, со свойством <code>even</code>.</p> <h2 id="испоnьзовать-call-иnи-shallowmount"><a href="#испоnьзовать-call-иnи-shallowmount" class="header-anchor">#</a> Использовать <code>call</code> или <code>shallowMount</code>?</h2> <p>Оба способа полезны при тестировании вычисляемых свойств. <code>call</code> может быть полезен, когда:</p> <ul><li>вы тестируете компонент, который выполняет какие-либо действия в хуках жизненного цикла и вы хотите их избежать</li> <li>вы хотите использовать заглушки для некоторых значений в <code>this</code>. Использовать <code>call</code> и передавать свой контекст в таких случаях может быть полезно</li></ul> <p>Конечно вы хотите убедиться, что значения отрисовываются верно, поэтому убедитесь, что вы выбрали правильный способ и тест покрывает все возможные случаи.</p> <h2 id="закnючение"><a href="#закnючение" class="header-anchor">#</a> Заключение</h2> <ul><li>вычисляемые свойства могут тестироваться с использованием <code>mount</code>, делая проверку на отрисованную разметку</li> <li>сложные вычисляемые свойства можно тестировать независимо, используя <code>call</code></li></ul></div> <footer class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/lmiller1990/vue-testing-handbook/edit/master/ru/computed-properties.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Редактировать эту страницу на GitHub</a> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">Последнее обновление:</span> <span class="time">15.09.2020, 02:44:15</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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